Master Python Input and Output: Examples and Techniques

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In Python, input and output operations are vital for engaging with the end user and processing data. Input is used to receive data from the user or other sources, while output is used to display data to the end user or save it to a file.

Syntax and Characteristics

Input

  • Function: input() # predefined function
  • Syntax: input(message)
    • message: (Optional) A string that is displayed to the user before receiving input.

Characteristics:

  • Always returns data as a string data type.
  • Need to be converted to other data types using type casting (e.g., int(), float()).
name = input("Enter your name: ") # Rohit
age = int(input("Enter your age: ")) # 25
print(f"Hello, {name}. You are {age} yrs old.") # Output: Hello, Rohit. You are 25 yrs old.

Output

  • Function: print()
  • Syntax: print(value, …, sep=’ ‘, end=’\n’, file=sys.stdout)
    • value: Values to be printed.
    • sep: Separator between values (default is a space).
    • end: String appended after the last value (default is a newline).
    • sep: Separator between values (default is a space).
    • end: String appended after the last value (default is a newline).
    • file: File-like object to write to (default is sys.stdout).

Characteristics:

  • Can print multiple values separated by a specified separator.
  • Supports formatted strings and saves data into files.

Example:

1.Basic Output
print("Hello, world!")
2.Multiple Values with Default Separator:
name = "Alice"
age = 30
print("Your name is", name, "and your age is", age)
3.Custom Separator
print("Hello", "world", sep=", ") # Output: Hello, world
4.Custom End Character:
print("Hello, world!", end="!!!") # Output: Hello, world!!! (no newline after the text)
5.Formatted String Output:
print(f"Formatted output: {name} is {age} years old.") # Will learn more in string topic
# Output: Formatted output: Alice is 30 years old.
6.Redirecting Output to a File:
with open("output.txt", "w") as file:
    print("This will be written to a file.", file=file) # Will learn more in File handling.

Conclusion

Input and output operations are fundamental for interacting with end users and handling data in Python. The input() function collects user input, while the print() function displays information. Understanding how to use these functions effectively is essential for building interactive and user-friendly applications.

Knowledge Check Questions

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